Principles of Islamic Belief
There are two principle of Islam: Iman (theology, creed, belief) and Islam (sharia, Islamic jurisprudence, fiqh, Islamic law). Both iman and Islam combined are called sharia. Iman consists of six pillars while Islam consists of five pillars as explained further in details here in this page.
Contents
- The Pillars of Islam
- The Meaning of the Word of Unity (Kalimah Tauhid)
- The Pillars of Īman (Faith) are Six
- Al-Ahkam al-Shar 'iyyah - The Rulings of the Sacred Law
- Back to: Islamic Sharia: Theology and Jurisprudence
The Pillars of Islam
(فصل) أركان الإسلام خمسة : شهادة أن لاإله إلاالله وأن محمد رسول الله وإقام
الصلاة ، وإيتاء الزكاة , و صوم رمضان ، وحج البيت من استطاع إليه سبيلا .
Chapter The Pillars of Islām are Five
1. To bear witness that there is no
god except Allah and that Muḥammad is the messenger of Allah.
2. To
establish ṣalah (prayer)[1]
3. To discharge zakah (alm)[2]
4. To
fast in the month of Ramaḍān[3]
5. To perform ḥajj for those who are
able[4]
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1 The most virtuous physical worship is alah, then fasting, then hajj and then zakah. As for worship pertaining to the heart like imiin (belief), ma 'rifah (gnosis), tafakkur (reflection), trust in Allah ' patience, hope, contentment with Allah 's decree, love of Allah ' repentance, purification of blameworthy traits like greed, anger, pride, malice etc. these are far more superior than physical worship. The most virtuous of them being Iman.
2 Zakah literally means growth, blessings, purification or praise. In Sacred Law it is the name for a particular amount of property that must be paid to certain kinds of recipients under certain conditions.
3 Fasting was made fard in Sha' ban, the second year HijrL Rasulullah fasted for nine complete Ramadans.
4 Both hajj and ' umrah are wajib in
the Shafi'I's madhhab (school of thought).
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The Meaning of the Word of Unity (Kalimah Tauhid)
(فصل ) ومعنى لاإله إلاالله : لامعبود بحق في الوجود إلا الله .
Chapter The Meaning of the Word of Unity (Kalimah Tauhid)
The
meaning of the “There is no god but Allah” is In reality none is worthy of
worship except Allah
The Pillars of Īman (Faith) are Six
(فصل ) أركان الإيمان ستة: أن تؤمن بالله ، وملائكته، وكتبه ، وباليوم الآخر ،
وبالقدر خيره وشره من الله تعالى .
Chapter The Pillars of Īman (Faith) are Six
1. To believe in
Allah.5
2. To believe in His Angels.6
3. To believe in His
Books.7
4. To believe in His Messengers.8
5. To believe in the Final
Day.9
6. To believe in Destiny, good and evil, is from Allah the
Exalted.10
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5 [Iman Mujmiil (in brief)] To believe in Allah's existence, His sole godhood, that no one else participates in His attribute of divinity or in the rights He has over His creation, His oneness and uniqueness and that He is characterized by every perfection and exalted above any imperfection or impossibility. [Iman Mufa!f!fal (in detail)] It is wajib to know the attributes of Allah : (1) al-Wujild (Being), (2) al-Qidam (Pre-eternity), (3) al-Baqa ' (Everlastingness), (4) Mukhalafatuh ta 'ala bi al-hawadith (Absolute dissimilarity to created things), (5) Qiyamuh ta 'ala bl nafsih (Self-subsistence), (6) al-Wahdaniyah (Oneness), (7) al Qudrah (Power), (8) al-Iradah (Will), (9) al- 'Ilm (Knowledge), (10) al Hayah (Life) (11) al-Sam ' (Hearing), (12) al-Basr (Sight), (13) al Kalam (Speech).
6 To believe that the Angels are the honourable servants of Allah ' who do not disobey Him and do as they are commanded. They are created from light, not characterized by gender, neither male nor female, nor do they eat or drink. It is wajib to know ten of them: (1) Jibrrl, (2) Mikail, (3) Israfil, (4) 1zrail, (5) Munkar, (6) Nakir, (7) Ridwan, (8) Malik , (9) Raqib, and (10) Atid.
7 To believe in all the Books revealed by Allah to His messengers. It is wajib (obligatory) to know four books in particular: (1) the Tawrah of Nabi Musa I, (2) the Zabur of Nabi Dawud I, (3) the Injil of NabI ' Isa I and (4) the Qur'an of Nabi Muhammad -
8 To believe in the Prophets and Messengers of Allah '
that Allah sent them to man and jinn to guide them to the path of the Truth.
Four attributes are necessary
for all Messengers (1)
Truthfullness, (2) Trustworthiness, (3) Conveying the
message, and (4) Intelligence. It is wajib to know
twenty-five of them: (1) Adam , (2) Idris (Enoch), (3)
Nah (Noah), (4) Had , (5) $al'ih, (6) Lat (Lot), (7) Ibrahim (Abraham),
(8) Isma 'rl (Ishmael), (9) Ishaq (Isaac),
(10) Ya 'qab (Jacob), (11)
Yusuf (Joseph), (12) Sha
'aib, (13) Ayyab (Job), (14) Dhul Kifli (Ezekiel), (15) Musa (Moses),
(16) Haran (Aaron), (17) Dawud (David), (18) Salayman (Soloman), (19)
Ilyas (Elias), (20) al-Yasa ' (Elisha), (21) Yunus (Jonah), (22) Zakariyya
(Zacharias), (23) Yahya (John), (24) 'Isa (Jesus), and (25) Muhammad
(Peace and Salutation upon him and upon all of them).
9 To believe that everyone will die, and will then be resurrected. It also means to believe without doubt in Jannah (Heaven) and Jahannam (Hell), the Mizan (Scale), the Sirat (Path - the bridge over the Fire), the Questioning in the grave, the Reckoning (after the Resurrection), the Recompense (in Paradise), Punishment (for some sinful believers) and Torment (eternal for the unbeliever). Some will be put in Hell out of justice and some in Paradise out of Allah 's sheer generosity.
10. To believe that Allah has ordained both good and evil
before creating the creation and that all that has been and all that will be
exists only through Allah 's Qada ' (Decree), Qadr (Foreordinance) and
lradah (Will).
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Note: Al-Ahkam al-Shar 'iyyah - The Rulings of the Sacred
Law:
In the Shafi 'I Madhhab (school of thought), the actions of those
who are obligated to observe the precepts of religion take one of five rulings
:
1. The Wajib (obligatory) action: One will be rewarded for performing them and will be liable for punishment upon abandoning them.
2. The Mandub (recommended) action : One will be rewarded for performing them and will not be liable for punishment upon abandoning them.
3. The Mubah (permissible) action: One will not be rewarded for performing them and will not be liable for punishment upon abandoning them.
4. The Makruh (offensive) action : One will be rewarded for abandoning them and will not be liable for punishment upon performing them.
5. The haram (forbidden) action: One will be rewarded for
abandoning them and will be liable for punishment upon performing them.